Medical Library Ankle

Achilles Tendonitis and Rupture

The Achilles tendon connects the Achilles muscle to the heel. Excessive stress or a tight or fatigued calf muscle can result in microtrauma, degeneration, and even inflammation of the tendon- a condition called Achilles Tendonitis/Tendinosis. This condition can be caused by prolonged walking, excessive running, jumping, and walking hills.

Research suggests that Achilles tendinosis, a similar condition, may cause a gradual onset and long recovery. Tendinosis, a chronic degenerative condition, is not like tendonitis. It is characterized by no inflammation and is a chronic condition. Tendinosis is more common than tendinitis, as tendon pain is often not accompanied with the typical inflammatory signs such swelling, redness and warmth.

The treatment usually consists mostly of rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), ice and stretching.

The Achilles tendon may be torn (or ruptured) by a forceful contraction of the calves muscle. This is common in athletes who play basketball or baseball. The patient frequently describes feeling like they were hit or kicked in their lower calf. The tendon above the heel is tender and there is pain.

Both surgical repair and non-surgical rehabilitation are options. Surgical repair may be more beneficial for active people. Six to twelve months of care may be required for rehabilitation.